For QTL mapping data with traits measured in multi-environment trials, a QQE biplot can be generated, which can be used to

• visualize the effect of a marker in different environments,

• identify QTL mapping based on phenotypic data from multiple environments,

• visualize the mean effect of a QTL and its stability across environments,

• visualize the specific QTL by environment interactions,

• visualize mega-environment differentiations based on the QTL by environment patterns, and

• interpret GE interaction in terms of QTL by environment interactions.